Are the constructive trust rules affecting co-owned housing based on Essay

Are the constructive trust rules affecting co-owned housing based on the common intention of the parties - Essay Example First and foremost, intimate relations are based on trusts and this is particularly important where â€Å"individual autonomy† is ceded in reliance and trust on the perpetuation of shared goals and objectives.3 Secondly, the rules applicable to constructive trusts recognize that the intimate bond can be broken and equity will intervene to ensure that one party is not unjustly enriched to the detriment of the other.4 Thus the rules of constructive trust are designed to interpret and affect co-owned housing in circumstances where factual evidence contradicts the legally documented ownership of the house in question. The courts do not automatically interpret the mere existence of a relationship at time the house is acquired as evidence of co-ownership. The courts are guided by the concept of unconscionability and refer to the common intentions of the parties in determining what is conscionable or unconscionable. The main idea is to determine whether the common intentions of the p arties are sufficiently made out to justify a claim to co-ownership against the legal title to real property.5 Thus it is argued that the rules of constructive trusts affecting co-owned housing are based on identifying the common intentions of the parties. This paper demonstrates how the courts have relied on the identification of the common intentions of the parties to determine whether or not it would be unconscionable to enforce ownership by reference only to the legal title. The first part of this paper therefore examines and analyses the doctrinal basis of constructive trusts and the second part of this paper demonstrates how the common intentions of the parties forms the basis by which co-owned housing is interpreted under the rules of constructive trusts. The Doctrinal Basis of Constructive Trusts The result of a court finding the existence of a constructive trust is twofold. First the court may order that one party compensate another or that one party â€Å"convey a particu lar right† to another.6 It is this characterization of the constructive trust that has given way to criticisms that the constructive trust is no more than a fiction created by the courts and is not comparable to an express trust. More specifically it is argued that the constructive trust is confusing and with an unclear doctrinal basis because it interprets entirely personal matters relative to property and thus does not follow a clear and concise doctrine.7 Despite the criticisms about the nature and doctrinal basis of the constructive trust, it is based on a sound doctrine: the equitable distribution of property.8 As Hudson explains, the constructive trust serves a practical purpose. It provides a means by which the courts may imply a trust so that â€Å"justice is done on the facts before† the courts â€Å"on the basis of preventing unconscionable conduct†.9 It therefore follows that constructive trusts are not based on a doctrine that facilitates random distr ibution of property. Rather, the constructive trust is applied â€Å"to ensure that an ethical notion of good conscience is maintained in English law.†10 The House of Lords puts the doctrinal basis of the constructive trusts in its proper perspective by noting the equity has always focused on the conscience.11 Hudson argues that constructive trusts are imposed: ...on the basis of the defendant knowing of some factor which affects her conscience in

The meaning of life Essay Example for Free

The meaning of life Essay Introduction: According to Saint Exupery in The Halo (2006), â€Å"Each man must look to himself to teach him the meaning of life. It is not something discovered: it is something moulded. † The meaning of life has a no specific definition; it depends on how each individual give meaning to their lives. It is a natural thing for an individual to curiously know about their life since their birth till death. Moreover, human beings are also curious to find out why they were put in this earth that is why babies keep touching everything in order to experience all their surroundings from the very beginning (Taylor, 2000). In this essay, the concept of meaning will be significantly analysed. Firstly, by defining the meaning which will secondly be followed by discussing the different types of needs an individual must meet to experience the meaning of life. Thirdly, the types of things that enhance and curb the experience of the meaning of life will be highlighted. Lastly, various practical steps will be described to enhance the experience of the meaning of life. This essay will be intertwined with personal reflections and aspirations that have enhanced the meaning of life for the writer. What is the meaning of ‘meaning’? Subjectivism: According to Eagleton (2007), everyone adds their own meaning to life. The meaning of life is never universal or complex. The meaning of life is very simple and people experience it when they understand the universe, themselves, their identity and their goal in life (Bennet, 2005). Subjectivists state that the meaning differs with individuals’ psychological and mental states and their desires and goals. For example one individual can find meaning of life in music or art while other may find it in attaining goals or in religion (REF). In addition to this, (REF) states that life only becomes meaningful when all the needs and wants are fulfilled and when the individual is content and satisfied with themselves. Super naturalistic views: On the other hand, spiritual beings consider their lives to be consequential and significant when they can reach the pious pathway God has set (REF). The God-centred view points out that the definitive meaning of life is holistically attained. Moreover, an individual will only figure out the meaning of life when they are not attached to the worldly desires (REF). Personal reflection: Personally, the meaning of life for me is constantly being in search for my identity and accomplishing the goals I have set in life. I explore my identity through my art work as it helps me express my feelings and emotions about everything. My art work makes me realize who I am as a person and what people interpret me as a person through my paintings. What types of needs must be met for a person to experience meaning in life? Searching the meaning of life is a motivational force in an individual however; the degree of motivation to which they search the meaning of life differs in all individuals (REF). Despite individuals having different degrees of motivation, there are some needs and conditions that must be met for the individuals to experience the meaning of life. Individuals do not necessarily have to meet the same needs and conditions to experience the meaning of life. Some individuals are inspired by other individuals like great artists, inventors and thinkers, some individuals need sense of belonging, some need to experience certain events to make sense of life while others need to attain autonomy and self efficacy to experience the meaning of life. In short, individuals can discover the meaning of life through social work, experiencing something or someone or reactions towards unavoidable circumstances (REF). For example, an individual who is very emotional needs to experience the need of belonging in order to experience the meaning of life. They need to have many friends and a good relationship with their family in order to satisfy their need of belonging; this helps the individual to live a happy and full life. However, if they do not feel the sense of belonging, they have no hope hence do not have anything to look forward to and see no point of living. Conversely, not all individuals need to meet the need of belonging to experience the meaning of life. Some may have to experience the need of autonomy and self efficacy. These types of individuals usually have certain goals and tasks in life which they believe they can attain thus that would help them experience the meaning of life. For example, an individual whose goal is to become a doctor tries to attain that goal by being a hard worker and devoting all his time to attain their goal. They would experience the meaning of life when they achieve the title of the doctor as it would help them conquer a place in the community and gain some prestige. In addition to this, if an individual fails to attain this need might gain a very low self esteem which would then impact on the choices they makes in life. They would become very dependent on others and would not be able to cope with that leading them to suffer from various health issues. What types of things enhance the experience of meaning in life? The meaning of life can be enhanced by sustaining life, accepting a teaching, giving life or creating wisdom (REF). For example things that would enhance the meaning of life for mothers, doctors and nurses is when they deliver as links in a biological chain by giving life from one generation to the other. Young artists are inspired and enhance their meaning of life when they authorize and respect and accept their teacher’s work (REF). Personally, as an artist, the meaning of life for me is enhanced when I can appreciate the work of different artists and what they are trying to express in their paintings. Art work makes me understand the different feelings individuals go though and how they express it through drawings. It also makes me see different viewpoints of life and experiences people are going through. Despite all individuals having different needs to discover the meaning of life, there are certain things that all individuals require to enhance the meaning of life like: Hope Inspiration Goals High self esteem. What types of things curb the experience of meaning in life? Many individuals curb their experiences of the meaning in life due to: No inspiration or goals and failure: If an individual constantly fails and has no potential and inspiration of achieving his goals may feel ineffective and hopeless. They may start feeling that they have no purpose in life and life is completely meaningless for them. Loss of loved ones: loss of a loved one through death or divorce may affect an individual mentally and emotionally. They may feel the are not loved and do not belong anywhere as their loved one does not exist anymore. The loss brings suffering and misery which makes an individual believe that like if meaningless. Lastly, experiences like these pushes an individual to have a low self esteem and become reserved (REF). Personal Reflection: If individuals are not open, emotionless or afraid to be seen as themselves due to low self esteem cannot enhance their meaning of life and hence would curb this experience. As an artist, my goal is to become an art teacher and help other children to express their feelings through painting if they cannot through words. However, I have a clear goal and always have been inspired by my father to attain this goal. If I had a low self esteem and did not believe in myself, I would have no hope hence that would curb the search of meaning of life as I would feel I am worthless Practical steps to enhance the experience of a meaningful life As mentioned above, many individuals curb their experiences of the meaning in life due to low self esteem, no inspiration, no goals and being reserved. However, they can enhance their experience firstly by accepting and believing in themselves. This would help them make a contribution to life and share their best. According to (REF) self-destructive behaviour can be conquered by increasing self-efficacy and self-esteem. This can be done through counselling so that they can start believing in themselves. Individuals who need the sense of belonging to experience the meaning of life should try and fit in and socialize with people they are close to and have good relationships with them all. Furthermore, individuals who are trying to attain a specific goal should always reward themselves every time they are a step closer towards the goal. This would keep them motivated and not lose hope. Personally, I enhance my experience by acknowledging the great artists and how they are an inspiration to other young artists. Conclusion Finally as mentioned there is no specific meaning of life. All individuals need to meet different types of needs such as the need of belonging, experiencing life threatening incidents, need of autonomy and self efficacy to experience the meaning of life. An individual’s perception, values, needs and feelings centre him and help in organizing the world around him. Feelings help in expressing oneself. If an individual has a great skill in expressing himself, he can change the larger world. Great artists found expressions in their art work which helped them change the world that came after them. The creations around us are the different individuals trying to express themselves and their experiences of the meaning of life. All the inhibitors that we posses such as low self esteem and inner struggles should be resolved to make life more creative and enhance the meaning of life.

Odyssey :: essays research papers

"Furthermore, we have not even to risk the adventure alone, for the heroes of all time here gone before us." (p.1 A Heroes Adventure). This quote from Joseph Campbell tells you the essence of a hero. Odysseus might be a hero in the book but Telemachus was the one who went through the real journey. Campbell defines a hero one as "who has found or done something beyond the normal range of achievement and experience. A hero is someone who has given his or her life to something bigger than oneself." (p.1 A Heroes Adventure) Now if you consider the fact that Odysseus was put in this series of predicaments but outside forces that would consider him a hero, wouldn't you? But, he did not believe in or accept those gods as power above beyond himself. Now if he does not believe as the gods as a higher power then he is not a hero because Campbell specifically states that "a hero is one who accomplishes something bigger than one's self." If Odysseus does not believe that the gods are a higher power, than he did not accomplish something above and beyond an abnormal adventure by defeating the spite of Poseidon. Campbell defines a hero by the type of adventure as well. "Well there are two types of deed. One is the physical deed, in which the hero performs a courageous act in battle or saves a life. The other kind is the spiritual deed, in which the hero learns to experience the supernormal range of human spiritual life and then comes back with a message." p.1(A Heroes Adventure) So this does say that Odysseus is a hero to some degree, but who is the real hero? Telemachus is the real hero. He went both through the physical journey searching for Odysseus and the spiritual journey. He went on the spiritual journey of becoming a man. Facing the hardships of keeping his mother safe from freeloaders and somewhat of keeping a kingdom in order until the return of his father. With juggled his period of adolescents, he showed that he had the strength not in his muscles because one on one he would get beaten badly, but in his heart to overcome his hardships to the best of his ability. Campbell yet again flat out says that Telemachus is a hero on page 129, "Odysseus' son Telemachus was told by Athena, "Go find your father."That father quest is a major hero adventure for young people.

Great Britain :: History

Great Britain Great Britain is made up of three countries, England, Scotland and Wales. It is an island off the coast of north ­west of Europe. Britain is part of the United Kingdom of Britain and Northern Ireland. The capital is London. Relief There are many different landscapes in Britain, from high mountains to rolling hill sand valleys. Places like Wales, the Lake District and northwest Scotland have high mountains and steep slopes made out of solid rocks. This landscape was made millions of years ago during the ice ages, when moving glaciers of ice made deep valleys, steep mountain slopes and long lakes. The southern and eastern parts of Britain are made up of smaller rocks that have weathered and become fertile farmland. The highest point is Ben Nevis  ­ 1343 metres above sea level and the lowest point is Holme Fen  ­ 3 metres below sea level. The population is 57,970,200 people, the population density at 239 people per square km. 92% of British people live in urban areas while only 8% live in rural areas. Great Britain is completely surrounded by sea, isolating it from the rest of Europe. No part of Britain is far from the sea, which is an important resource for fishing, tourism and ports. Britain’s rivers provide drinking water for towns, and irrigate farmers’ crops. However rivers can cause floods. England The northern and western portions are mountainous. The highlands - the Pennine Chain, forms the backbone of northern England. Rolling plains occupy most of central and eastern England. The western part of the central region is known as the Midlands. To the east lies The Fens, a marsh area. To the south, an elevated plateau slopes upward. Scotland The terrain of Scotland is mountainous but is divided into three regions, from north to south: the Highlands, the Central Lowlands, and the Southern Uplands. The Highlands occupy more than a half of Scotland, the most rugged region on the island of Great Britain. Wales Wales has an irregular coastline and many bays; the biggest is Cardigan Bay. Except for narrow and low coastal areas, mainly in the south and west, Wales is mostly mountainous. Area England  ­ 130,439km2 Scotland  ­ 78,772km2 Wales  ­ 20,768km2 Total  ­ 229,979km2 Climate Great Britain has quite cool summers and mild winters. The weather changes from day to day. The climate is temperate  ­ the country does not have long periods when it is hot or cold.

Audience Analysis and Reception Essay

Question: You are preparing to write a formal report to be presented to management at your workplace. What are some potential needs for this audience you should be aware of when writing the report? What are the risks of not considering the audience’s needs? As explained in week five (The University of Phoenix, 2014). Writing a Proper Report Writing a formal report to management can be difficult as well as time-consuming. You must know who your audience is and what important topics your management team wants to hear. It is very easy to get off track and present data that is not relevant to the audience that you are directing the report to. You must know your audience. There are several things the author writing the report needs to know, in order to ensure that the management team will understand. The first thing that should be considered is, knowing who your audience is. It is important to know who the managers reading this report are. This makes a difference because you want to capture an audience by the job they have. If the report is a descriptive report about product design, you will not want to write a report about sales revenue. The report must fit the audience. Another important factor the writer should know is, knowing the audiences special interests or prejudices they may have about the information you are going to present. It is important to write the report around the facts and to not try to put in too much feeling. Facts are the only things that should be considered. Let the audience think for themselves and make their minds up based on the data that is being presented. Be prepared and have charts or other supporting documentation ready and available, so that the report can be backed up to support the report. Always pay attention to grammar and watch for any syntax errors in your writing. It is crucial that the audience sees that the report is  credible, properly written and that it flows well so that the audience can understand the report. Formal reports are more detailed and have a lot more detail than a non-formal report. Paragraphing the formal report will be easy for the audience to read. There are a lot of risks involved if these guidelines are not met. The audience has particular needs that they will be looking for, and making certain that these measures are there will lead to success. In conclusion, it is crucial that writers understand who the audience is. A formal report should always have the information in it that fits the audience. You might lose your audience, and the report may be seen as non-credible if the facts are not presented the way they should be. References The University of Phoenix. (2014). Week Five: Audience Analysis and Reception. Retrieved from The University of Phoenix, XBCOM/275 website. Educational Psychologist. (2010). Writing for whom? Cognition, motivation, and a writer’s audience.. Retrieved from Educational Psychologist, XB/COM 275Communication Process Model website.

Explains that true joy is found when following the path outlined in the Bible.

Explains that true joy is found when following the path outlined in the Bible. Thy word is a lamp unto my feet, and a light unto my path.119:106 I have sworn, and I will perform it, that I will keep thyrighteous judgments.119:107 I am afflicted very much: quicken me, O LORD, according untothy word.119:108 Accept, I beseech thee, the freewill offerings of my mouth, OLORD, and teach me thy judgments.119:109 My soul is continually in my hand: yet do I not forget thylaw.119:110 The wicked have laid a snare for me: yet I erred not from thyprecepts.119:111 Thy testimonies have I taken as an heritage for ever: forthey are the rejoicing of my heart.119:112 I have inclined mine heart to perform thy statutes alway,even unto the end.To me this section of the Psalm is a call to a lifestyle of worship.Let's consider what the Psalmist has to say and how that applies tous today.George WhitefieldThe first thing this portion of the Psalm declares is that the Bibleis a lamp unto our feet.Read this poem on this though. Is that howyou are living?What is true worship?Scriptures rev eal the superior nature of God, shows us God's graceand then leads us in worship in both spirit and truth. Jesus' wordsto the woman at the well, that we must worship God in spirit andtruth, are coupled together in the words of our text by the Psalmist.How does the church, a pastor, or the Bible lead us in worship?Let's say your great-grandmother, who immigrated from Russia at theturn of the century, recently died. In her will she left you an old,cheap-looking piece of jewelry shaped like an egg. You throw it inyour closet and treat it as some cheap...

Effects of a Preincisional 14 Day Course of Valerian on Natural Killer Cell Activity in Sprague-Dawley Male Rats Undergoing Abdominal Surgery Essay Example

Effects of a Preincisional 14 Day Course of Valerian on Natural Killer Cell Activity in Sprague Effects of a Preincisional 14 Day Course of Valerian on Natural Killer Cell Activity in Sprague-Dawley Male Rats Undergoing Abdominal Surgery Essay Effects of a Preincisional 14 Day Course of Valerian on Natural Killer Cell Activity in Sprague-Dawley Male Rats Undergoing Abdominal Surgery Essay Effects of a Preincisional 14 day course of Valerian on Natural Killer Cell Activity in Sprague-Dawley Male Rats Undergoing Abdominal Surgery Authors: COL (ret) Norma Lynn Garrett, CRNA, PhD, USA, AN Fort Sam Houston, Texas LTC (ret) Nathaniel M. Apatov, CRNA, PhD, USA, AN Tripler Army Medical Center, HI CPT Robert Fredregill, SRNA, BSN, USA, AN Tripler Army Medical Center, HI CPT Aaron Johnston, BSN, USA, AN Tripler Army Medical Center, HI CPT John Buen, SRNA, BSN, USA, AN USUHS, Graduate School of Nursing, Nurse Anesthesia Program, Bethesda, Maryland CPT Michael Neill, SRNA, BSN, USA, AN Tripler Army Medical Center, HI Patricia S. Dixon, MS Affiliation: U.S. Army/University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston Graduate Program in Anesthesia Nursing, Fort Sam Houston, Texas Introduction: The American Cancer Society estimated that over one million new cancer cases were diagnosed in 2005 and a majority of these patients died from metastatic spread.1 The standard for treating solid tumor cancer is surgical resection. However, it has been suggested that surgical resection may in fact promote metastasis.2 One of the bodyâ„ ¢s natural defenses to combat metastasis is the activity of natural killer (NK) cells. NK cells serve as a vital mediator of detection during the early innate immune response and destruction of aberrant cells. It has been demonstrated that benzodiazepines may ameliorate surgery-induced suppression of natural killer cell activity.3 We examined the effect of a 14-day course of valerian, an herbal anxiolytic, on natural killer cell activity in Sprague-Dawley rats. Methods: Thirty-five rats were assigned to one of three groups: 1) surgical animals administered research grade valerian, 15 mg/kg solubilized in peanut oil 2) surgical animals administered peanut oil (vehicle) and 3) anesthesia only animals administered valerian. One day prior to the 14 day course of valerian, blood was drawn to assay baseline NK cell activity. On experimental day, all animals were administered isoflurane anesthesia. Surgical animals underwent a standard laparotomy whereas anesthesia only rats were anesthetized for the same period of time as the surgical rats. Twenty-four hours post-experiment animals underwent a second blood draw to assay NK cell activity. Results: Analysis of covariance (ANCOVA) was used to analyze NK cell activity (measured in lytic units). Our results suggested that there was no difference (p = 0.9) in suppression within or between groups. Conclusions: Clinical studies with valerian have been published but with small numbers and some ambiguity. Further research regarding valerianâ„ ¢s effectiveness as a modulator of NK cell activity and whether dosage or route of administration is a factor in modulation is still warranted. Keywords:?   Valerian, Natural Killer Cells, Cancer Funding: 59th Medical Wing Clinical Research Squadron, 2200 Bergquist Drive, Bldg 4430, Lackland AFB, TX 78236-5300. OBJECTIVE / HYPOTHESIS: The purpose of this study was to determine the effects of a presurgical 14-day course of valerian on Natural Killer cells activity in male Sprague-Dawley rats undergoing abdominal surgery. Our research was directed by the following research question: Would a presurgical 14-day course of valerian inhibit 24-hour postoperative surgical suppression of NK cell activity when compared to a 14-day course of vehicle in male Sprague-Dawley rats undergoing abdominal surgery Background: Cancer is ranked as the second leading cause of death in the United States and the majority of cancer related deaths have a metastatic component.4 Currently, the most common treatment for solid tumor carcinoma is surgical resection. Surgical resection results in a release of growth factors that has been suggested to promote metastasis of the remaining cancer cells.5 Surgical insult, postoperative pain, and anxiety may serve as inhibitors to successful surgical treatment by suppressing the endogenous cell mediated immune (CMI) response. CMI limits metastasis of cancerous cells by activating Natural Killer (NK) cells. NK cells are endogenous specialized large granular lymphocytes that detect and destroy aberrant cells.6 Aberrant cells lack or possess a deficit of functional major histocompatibility complex class I (MHCI) surface proteins. NK cells serve as vital mediators of aberrant cellular detection during the early innate immune response.7 Surgically induced suppression of NK cell activity can be attenuated by ameliorating the surgical stress response. In 1999, Ben-Eliyahu and colleagues examined the effects of a postoperative beta-adrenergic antagonist on Fisher 344 rats using a lung tumor retention assay (MADB106). The beta-adrenergic antagonist resulted in the inhibition of lung tumor colonization.8 In 2002, Page and colleagues examined lung tumor susceptibility in Fisher 344 rats and observed that a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) attenuated the suppression of NK cell activity caused by surgical stress. The findings from these studies compellingly suggest that surgery contributes to the suppression of the immune system, specifically, NK cell activity. There exist both physiological and psychological mechanisms responsible for the suppression of NK cell activity in the surgical patient. Physiological and psychological mechanisms related to anxiety are implicated in the modulation of the CMI. Anxiety activates the sympathoadrenomedullary systems and the hypothalamic-pituitary- adrenal axis (HPA). Neurosignals are processed in the hypothalamus, which cause the release of various neurotransmitters (e.g. norepinephrine), neuropeptides (e.g. corticotrophin-releasing factor), neurohormones (e.g. adrenocorticotropin hormone) and adrenal hormones (e.g. catecholamines and corticosteroids). Both catecholamines and corticosteroids are suggested to suppress the immune system and NK cell activity.9 10 Evidence from both animal and human studies suggest that anxiety is a major cause of CMI suppression. Anxiolytic medications may attenuate the negative psychological impact associated with surgical stress.11 Benaroya-Milshtein and colleagues demonstrated an increase in NK cell activity by reducing anxiety in mice.12 A 2001 study by Koga and colleagues demonstrated that anxiety suppressed NK cell activity in 144 human patients scheduled for oral surgery.13 A study by Nunez and colleagues demonstrated that benzodiazepines, such as alprazolam, could reverse the adverse effects of stress and anxiety on CMI in Sprague-Dawley rats. 14 Finally, Freire-Garabal and colleagues suggested that chronic alprazolam administration caused a dose-dependent reduction in surgically mediated stress-induced suppression of NK cell activity in mice.15 Catacholamine and cortisol levels were reduced and enhanced protection of NK cell activity in the groups receiving pre and post surgical administrat ion of alprazolam was noted. Valerian, an herbal medication with reputed anxiolytic effects, demonstrates a dose-dependant GABAergic effects in in vitro studies of rat brainstem preparations.16 Yuan and colleagues demonstrated the site of action of a known benzodiazepine and valerian to be the GABAA receptor.17 Further, Yuan and colleagues observed both direct and indirect modulation of the GABAA receptor activity but were unable to isolate the active pharmacological agents in valerian preparations. In a related study, Ortiz and colleagues demonstrated the direct and indirect modulation of the GABAA receptor utilizing oral valerian extracts in in-vitro studies of Sprague-Dawley rats.18 Human studies suggest that the effective oral dose for anxiolytic and hypnotic effects range from 400 to 900 mg administered daily.19 20 Additional research suggests that chronic administration of valerian over a minimum period of 2 weeks is necessary to achieve pharmacologically effective serum levels.21 Acute administratio n of valerian has been proposed to provide anxiolytic effects but may be related to a placebo effect. Given that NK cells play an integral role in the suppression of metastatic cancer and that anxiety suppresses NK cell activity, interventions that reduce anxiety may lead to better outcomes in patients undergoing surgical resection of solid tumor carcinomas. If perioperative anxiety can be attenuated with valerian, then surgical suppression of NK cell activity may also be attenuated. Methods A sample of 35 male Sprague-Dawley rats was partitioned into three groups with two rats utilized for model development. The rats were separated into the following groups: Valerian and surgery (11), Vehicle and surgery, the control group (11), and Valerian and anesthesia (11). The anesthesia only group assessed the effects of valerian on NK cell activity under non-surgical conditions compared to surgical conditions. For each of the groups listed above, mature male Sprague-Dawley rats; weighing 225-250 grams were used. Animals were brought in and acclimatized to the vivarium for 3-days prior to habituation and handling. Rats were housed in plastic cages on a 12-hour light/dark cycle. Animals had continuous access to food and water except for the 8-hours prior to the experiments, when only water was available. The rats were partitioned into three equal groups. We randomized the order in which the rats would be tested to ameliorate any effect that a surgeonâ„ ¢s ability might ha ve upon the outcome. For each of the 14 days prior to the experiment, animals were administered either vehicle (peanut oil) or valerian (15mg/kg), depending on the group assignment. The dose was based on a clinical trial by Cropley (2002) whose findings suggested that a 9mg/kg dose of valerian administered over 7 days was effective in reducing stress and on an rodent study suggesting that a single dose at 30 mg/kg significantly prolonged emergence time from anesthesia.22 One day prior to the experiment, animals were briefly anesthetized with isoflurane to withdraw blood via a cardiac puncture for baseline NK cell assay. On the experiment day, surgical animals underwent a standard laparotomy with isoflurane anesthesia; anesthesia only animals received isoflurane at the same time and dose as the surgery animals. Once anesthetized, all animals were injected intramuscularly (IM) with penicillin (25,000 units/kg), and the abdomen of the surgery animals was shaved and prepared with betadine. Surgery consist ed of a 4 cm midline incision through the skin and abdominal muscle wall followed by the externalization of a 10 cm segment of the small intestine for a period of 4-minutes. During the first minute, the intestine was gently rubbed between two pieces of gauze in 4 locations as a standard irritant; this procedure promoted the release of local inflammatory factors. For the remainder of the 4-minute period, the intestine was covered with saline-soaked gauze to maintain the moisture content. The intestines were then returned to abdominal cavity, irrigated with saline, and the muscle and skin layers were stapled. Isoflurane gas was discontinued after stapling was completed. At 24 hours after surgery, all animals were anesthetized for the withdrawal of approximately 2 ml of blood via cardiac puncture for the post surgical NK cell assay. Exactly 1 ml was placed in a heparinized tube (20 U/ml) with 3.0 ml PBS with bovine serum albumin (BSA, 1 gm/L) and centrifuged at 500 g for 10 minutes. The supernatant was then aspirated down to the original blood volume. The blood was washed two times with 3.0 ml medium, using the same centrifugation and aspiration procedure. YAC-1 cells, a standard cell line for the assessment of rodent NK cell activity, are maintained in the above-specified complete medium. To radiolabel the cytoplasm of the YAC-1 cells, approximately 15(106 cells are incubated with 0.2 mCi of 51NaCrO4, 150 (l medium, and 200 (l FCS for 90 minutes. The medium used for this assay is the same as the above-described medium, except that the FCS content is 15% by volume. After incubation, target cells are washed 3 times in medium and their concentra tion adjusted to 8(105 cells per ml (approximately 6:1 leukocytes:YAC-1) for the lowest effector:target (E:T) ratio. Because whole blood is used, it is necessary to serially dilute the target cells to achieve the various E:T ratios. For each E:T ratio, 100 (l of washed blood was aliquoted into a well of a microtiter plate, and 150 (l of 51Cr-labeled YAC-1 target cells in medium was then added on top of the blood. Plates were centrifuged at 500g for 10 minutes, which creates a buffy layer of leukocytes and target cells on top of the red blood cells. Plates were then incubated for 4 hours, centrifuged at 500 g for 10 minutes, and 100 (l supernatant was harvested for determination of 51Cr release in the gamma counter. The spontaneous release and maximum release (incubation of YAC-1 cells in medium and 1 Normal HCl, respectively) was measured for each tumor cell concentration separately, and percent specific lysis was calculated using the formula: [(Experimental Spontaneous) ( (Maximum Spontaneous)] (100. Data Analysis: A total of 6 subjects were omitted from the various groups. Two subjects (one from each surgical study group) were omitted due to post operative wound dehiscence. Four subjects were omitted due to post-feeding pulmonary edema. As expected, all groups had significantly suppressed NK cell activity compared to pre-experimental values (p

Free Essays on Procastination

PROCRASTINATION Procrastination-the act or habits of putting things off till the end out of laziness†¦ Almost every student knows this dreaded word. They know if picked up, disaster happens with a sharp decline in school marks. But what they don’t realize is that procrastinating can actually benefit you in school. It can make you work harder, faster, and more efficiently on school assignments. Even life skills in the real world can be created from procrastinating. Helps you work harder, faster, and more efficiently, you say? Yes, that’s exactly what I said. It sounds like an impossible thing, however if you’re like me or any other sensible person that wants a fairly good mark on the next assignment, procrastinating can help you. When you are wanting to strive for that better mark and the bad habit hits you hard, you think it’s a bad combination but waste no more time thinking about it. Just let the time pass by. While your friends are working hard on it, go play, and do the things you like but still allow enough time to complete the assignment. When time comes to do it, it should be cramming time to get it done to the best of your ability. It actually helps you, because it gives that need of drive to actually still maintain a good mark on it. And what about efficiency? That’s easy, when you have your daily homework piled on to your assignment, the need to get the assignment done kicks in. You will feel less of a nee d to do other things that you normally do, and cut down on the breaks, including the old rest up and watch TV. one. Also essential life skills in the real world become developed through procrastinating. In the busy world of work, everyone knows that that boss of yours will always set impossible deadlines. And the knowing of having to get it done perfectly and fast is always on the employer’s mind. When already experienced through procrastinating, you will already know the field of trying to cram a lot ... Free Essays on Procastination Free Essays on Procastination PROCRASTINATION Procrastination-the act or habits of putting things off till the end out of laziness†¦ Almost every student knows this dreaded word. They know if picked up, disaster happens with a sharp decline in school marks. But what they don’t realize is that procrastinating can actually benefit you in school. It can make you work harder, faster, and more efficiently on school assignments. Even life skills in the real world can be created from procrastinating. Helps you work harder, faster, and more efficiently, you say? Yes, that’s exactly what I said. It sounds like an impossible thing, however if you’re like me or any other sensible person that wants a fairly good mark on the next assignment, procrastinating can help you. When you are wanting to strive for that better mark and the bad habit hits you hard, you think it’s a bad combination but waste no more time thinking about it. Just let the time pass by. While your friends are working hard on it, go play, and do the things you like but still allow enough time to complete the assignment. When time comes to do it, it should be cramming time to get it done to the best of your ability. It actually helps you, because it gives that need of drive to actually still maintain a good mark on it. And what about efficiency? That’s easy, when you have your daily homework piled on to your assignment, the need to get the assignment done kicks in. You will feel less of a nee d to do other things that you normally do, and cut down on the breaks, including the old rest up and watch TV. one. Also essential life skills in the real world become developed through procrastinating. In the busy world of work, everyone knows that that boss of yours will always set impossible deadlines. And the knowing of having to get it done perfectly and fast is always on the employer’s mind. When already experienced through procrastinating, you will already know the field of trying to cram a lot ...

Psychology and Religion Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Psychology and Religion - Essay Example The limited death I am sensing could be opened up by the psychologists for me to understand the current position but I have already decided that this is not bad news but just an interim challenge which could hold me up for a better or a worse day. It is my intention to make this a better day not just for me but also the kids that have been given to me and society which I want to serve. A good way for me to begin this unraveling of my thoughts through the following pages is to begin with an anecdote involving two of the esteemed psychologists who have impacted the class. As an emerging psychologist Gordon Allport was desperate to meet with Sigmund Freud. When Allport arrived for the all-important meeting which has been pre arranged, Freud was seated and remained quietly seated for Gordon to begin. Having grown impatient after some time Gordon blurted out an event, which had occurred on the way. Apparently a little boy had been very upset as he was seated next to a very dirty old man. Gordon remarked that it possibly was something the little boy had learnt from his mother, who on another seat remained stoic, the picture of neatness and domination. Without considering this a passing observation, Freud understood as a deep thought process consciously or unconsciously working within Gordon, and remarked â€Å"And was that little boy you?† (Boeree) If that boy on the bus were a girl it would have been me. I felt that very restriction deep within me. It was not prohibitive when I was growing up. However when I faced with the situations of life where I felt I did not have any options, I certainly felt like a good girl seated next to dirty man, with a mother looming over. As a good catholic I believed in the seven sacraments and adhered to them as religiously as possible. My morality was also pile driven into the catholic belief of seven deadly sins in

Greek Mythology Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Greek Mythology - Essay Example The inhabitants of Olympus are not ideal characters. They are vain, mercenary, passionate. The most striking feature of Greek Gods is their envy. Gods envy plain people, and a man, who gained a success, is the first to be afraid of the Gods’ rage. Maybe, it was a way to explain the exchange of good and bad periods of life. â€Å"In general, the ancient Greeks would consider something bad in their lives as a punishment for gods. If they had a disease, they would pray to the gods to forgive his sins. If a floud would occur and destroy their city, they would make a sacrifice to calm down the gods. From this, it can be seen that there was a sense of respect and fear between people and the gods and that people didnt feel free to live their lives, but thought that everything would come or be taken away from them†(Greek Mythology). Gods are depicted as strong, dangerous creatures one should be careful with. And their human traits reflected the attitude of Greeks and Romans tow ards the world. The right way to make them pleased was to make sacrifices. However, there were people and heroes, who struggled against gods. Prometheus is a well-known who gave fire to men and went against Gods. The popularity of this myth can be explained by a fascinating plot, dynamics of events and deep ideas rooted inside the myth. A classical Greek myth about this outstanding character discusses the struggle for freedom (Price and Kearns, 2003). Another example is Odysseus, who could deceive anyone including divine creatures. He represents one of the greatest humans who is the master of his own life and is not afraid of gods. Greek gods do not appear on their own, they were born by their parents, they need to eat and drink, they get tired and go to sleep, they can’t be killed, but can be injured. At the same time the Gods are not all-powerful, they also depend on destiny like people and heroes. In Greek mythology destiny is

Write a research proposal about Apple Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Write a about Apple - Research Proposal Example The company, since its inception, has adopted resourced based view of business management. Under such management, the company has expanded business branches across numerous economies, after saturation of the domestic market. Despite achieving success, Apple’s trade is threatened by potential rivals within the electronics industry. In this epoch, companies are exposed to greater competition and complication in the business world, where market influences of externalities are found to be soaring. This proposal is framed for a future management research that would analyze major strategic business issues faced by Apple Inc. and finally, the researcher would elaborate on ways whereby these problems can be minimized. The research proposal for the dissertation aims to evaluate issues faced by Apple Inc. and in turn frame productive ways to eradicate the same. It is highly rational to conduct such a research work because if these problems are not resolved, then Apple Inc. can surely lose its dominant position within the industry in long run. The above profit (income) and revenue graph of Apple Inc. precisely elaborates on its current primary strategic issue. The graph shows that although aggregate revenue earned by the company is increasing with time, income or profit share is falling. Rising revenue, but falling income, indirectly points out increasing operational cost experienced by Apple Inc. It is highly viable to determine the primary cause of such a problem because in long run, similar strategic issues can arise in any multinational organization. The publicly traded organization of Apple Inc. was founded in 1976. The firm produces computer hardware and software products as well as other electronic gadgets such as, Smartphones and tablets. Some popular products of Apple Inc. are iOperating System, iPad and iPhone (Apple Inc., 2013). The headquarters of the organization is located in

International business Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

International business - Case Study Example In this mode, the statement reporting books are translated so as the proceeding activity will be taken over by the legal bodies. The importance of this type of translation is it makes sense to the financial statements and to show the position of the company’s date of home currency. It forms the simplest currency exposure that can be understood by the ordinary learners. It pertains the duration of the exposure while taking place and it involves a foreign exchange in the business. It also targets the monetary process for the profit generation. The management can initiate some strategies to control these exposures. The use of money markets, foreign exchange derivative such as future contracts and forward contracts (Levi 24). The opted strategy is the company carefully selection of production sites with the aim of reducing cost. The businesses that rely on the domestic market vary from because the profit produced by the dependent firms is high. The policies that have been implemented by the IMF will not work well with the developing countries having a young economy. The policy states that, â€Å"Since the debt crisis of 1980’s, the IMF has assumed the role of bailing out countries in case of the financial crisis. (caused in a large part by the currency speculation in the global casino economy). With the emergency loan packages tied to certain conditions, often referred to as structure adjustment policies† (Levi 24). From these policies, IMF was opposed because of some reasons. Among the reason was that from the structured adjustment policies, IMF created an immoral system of modern day colonialism. The collaboration of IMF with World Bank and WTO, it exposed the economy to inequality and destruction of the environment. Cutting expenditure on health and educations was their advice to countries so that they can pay their debt. When this is performed, elimination of necessary food and putting aside, transportation

Marketing A.B Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Marketing A.B - Essay Example The information presented in the article simplified the challenges faced by different support functions in the organization when faced with the need to develop functional strategies. The credibility of the authors forming the Berkeley Partnership is verified and closer review of their credentials revealed that they are â€Å"experienced consultants who combine strong strategy and delivery skills with positive and engaging personalities. They provide the support the client needs, whether project management consultancy on the ground for an extended period, help through a critical phase of work or simply advice† (The Berkeley Partnership: About Berkeley 1). Therefore, their advice regarding developing functional strategies are supported by years of experience in the field of consultancy and management. However, one is strongly convinced that the article lacks appropriate credible support from academic sources and real life organizational experiences. Although the focus was primarily on determining the rationale for difficulties in developing functional strategies, readers are actually wanting on information or even on a general overview of how functional departments could be assisted and advised on the techniques and appropriate guidelines of the development of strategies, per se. Overall, this article could be used in terms of determining how to overcome challenges in the development of functional strategies but more effective substantiation needs to be sourced from other credible and authoritative sources. The article proffered issues pertinent to the design of a framework for the evaluation of strategies developed in the organizational setting. As disclosed, the need for evaluation and implementation of corrective action are always crucial and needed except when: â€Å"(1) external and internal factors have not significantly changed and (2) the firm is progressing satisfactorily toward

International business Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

International business - Case Study Example In this mode, the statement reporting books are translated so as the proceeding activity will be taken over by the legal bodies. The importance of this type of translation is it makes sense to the financial statements and to show the position of the company’s date of home currency. It forms the simplest currency exposure that can be understood by the ordinary learners. It pertains the duration of the exposure while taking place and it involves a foreign exchange in the business. It also targets the monetary process for the profit generation. The management can initiate some strategies to control these exposures. The use of money markets, foreign exchange derivative such as future contracts and forward contracts (Levi 24). The opted strategy is the company carefully selection of production sites with the aim of reducing cost. The businesses that rely on the domestic market vary from because the profit produced by the dependent firms is high. The policies that have been implemented by the IMF will not work well with the developing countries having a young economy. The policy states that, â€Å"Since the debt crisis of 1980’s, the IMF has assumed the role of bailing out countries in case of the financial crisis. (caused in a large part by the currency speculation in the global casino economy). With the emergency loan packages tied to certain conditions, often referred to as structure adjustment policies† (Levi 24). From these policies, IMF was opposed because of some reasons. Among the reason was that from the structured adjustment policies, IMF created an immoral system of modern day colonialism. The collaboration of IMF with World Bank and WTO, it exposed the economy to inequality and destruction of the environment. Cutting expenditure on health and educations was their advice to countries so that they can pay their debt. When this is performed, elimination of necessary food and putting aside, transportation

Austrian Political Discourse Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words

Austrian Political Discourse - Case Study Example Since it was torn down in Austria there was adjustment that had to be made. It is important to know that politicians and the media were ecstatic about the changes yet they were not totally prepared for the changes, both good and bad, that would manifest in the future. Armed with wire-cutters, Austria's Foreign Minister Alois Mock was shown doing his part--literally as well as symbolically--to open the border between Austria and Hungary. 1 The end of 1989 witnessed the success of the Rumanian "revolution," and the fall of eastern European Stalinist regimes (or the death of Marxism, according to taste) was everywhere exuberantly acclaimed. As the first waves of refugees and immigrants seeking asylum and work made their way westward, however, this enthusiasm soon dampened.2 By the end of 1989 many changes had occurred. Included was the fall of eastern European Stalinist regimes. Other significant events that resulted from the fall of the wall were the success of the Rumanian "revolution," and the demise of Marxism, according to taste. 3 Many things of significance politically ensued he fall of the wall Power became an issue when these paramount events took placer. Racism also became a significant factor. Shortly after the fall of the wall in 1989 refugees and immigrants seeking both work and asylum began making their... The influx of immigrants set the basis for fight for power in the new found freedom. As well the large amounts of immigrants seeking new found freedom in the west set the stage for problem with racism and one of the new arenas for this was Austria. They became known as" political" and "economic" refugees. They elided rather quickly to these new parts. .Without a doubt, the patronizing acceptance in Austria of political refugees from Communist eastern Europe seems to have disguised more profound ethnic conflict towards these groups of immigrants. . The uncertainties of this new political configuration in Europe occasioned the emergence in Austrian public life of xenophobic discourses, fed by and couched in the terms of social anxiety. Those who even a few months previously would have been largely welcomed as heroic refugees from tyrannical regimes, suddenly became socially more threatening "economic immigrants," "spirit and salami merchants," "criminals," etc., too lazy and selfish to remain in their countries and solve their own problems. 3 3 van Dijk, Teun. 1985. Prejudice in Discourse. Amsterdam: Benjamins. An indication of the political implications of this transformation was given in the campaign preceding the 1990 elections to the Austrian National Assembly. Confronted by the obvious success which the Austrian Freedom Party (Freiheitliche Partei sterreichs, or FP), seconded in its effort by the Neue Kronen Zeitung, the largest selling newspaper in Austria, was registering with its more or less explicit appeals to these ethnic hostilities, politicians from the mainstream Social Democratic Party (SP) and the Christian democratic Austrian People's Party (VP) quickly accommodated their own electoral strategies and general political

Tottenham Hotspur PLC Essay Example for Free

Tottenham Hotspur PLC Essay Introduction The given case study is mainly concerned with the management decisions that are considered by the chairman of Tottenham Hotspur Football Club, Mr. Daniel Levy, in order to generate a steeper rise in revenues for the club. The major investments in question are the construction of a new stadium that is almost twice the present capacity, an improved practice facility and further improvement of the team through desired player acquisitions. But, Tottenham being a publicly owned club need to justify the time and resources that would be at stake in order to undertake this project. The four major sources of revenue for the team include the number of fans attending the match, the sponsorship rights it receives from other companies, the sale of club merchandise and its broadcast rights sold to television channels. By building a new stadium, which has an estimated cost of 250 million spread over the next two years, Tottenham hopes to increase the current capacity of 36500 people to 60000 fans per match. This is estimated to increase the revenues through attendance by 40 percent and considerable merchandise sale as well. The club also plans on investing in better practise facility and better players, thus increasing the odds of winning matches. This would not only increase the revenues from the matches but also increase the sponsorship amounts by 20 percent at the same time hiking the demandable price for broadcast rights. The collective rise in revenue is estimated to be around 9 percent. Body Decision Criteria 1. Joseph Lewis is a majority stake holder in the firm; the only one with greater that 3 percent stakeholding. He can be expected to work solely in favour of appreciation of his share value. His company ENIC has 82 percent  overall beneficial interest in the club. One needs to determine whether this would negatively affect the decisions made by him. 2. Daniel Levy and Joseph Lewis were former partners at ENIC from 2001 to 2007 and once ENIC had a large majority in Tottenham Hotspur, in early 2008 Daniel Levy decides to make this radical change in the club. He further went on to claim that it is not just about the money but a long term prosperity of the club. We must however, consider the fact  that he had to his advantage a prior experience managing a Scottish Football Club called Rangers 3. The magnitude of risk posed by the assumptions made by Levy must also be considered to judge whether the investment is profitable. 4. A quantitative analysis of the investment including the computation of various factors such as the Cost of Capital, NPV, IRR, DCF analysis, etc can point towards the right direction 5. By calculating the percentage of games won over a period of 2004 to 2007 and comparing it to the market reaction towards the shares of Tottenham Hotspur we can make decision about what factors negatively affected the market; whether it was an external matter or something related to Tottenham hotspur itself. Assumptions 1. The predictions made about the future growth of revenue with respect to the predicted inflation of the country. 2. Operating expenses are based on historical data of other clubs. So, we need to analyse reasons why that might not project the right image of the future for Tottenham 3. Changing the players may not automatically improve performance of the team and hence may not lead to as many wins as expected and hence the growth in revenues through sponsorships and merchandise may be stunted.

Effect of Color and Word Length on Memory Performance

Effect of Color and Word Length on Memory Performance Abstract The purpose of this study was to examine the effect of color and word length on memory performance. Seventy nine undergraduate  college students from Disted college, aged from 19 to 23 of both male and female genders were recruited for the study. The study  was a 32 mixed method design, There are two independent variables in this experiment which are word length and colors of words,  while the dependent variable is memory performance. Results showed that there was no significant change in colored words on  memory performance, while differences in word length showed a significant increase in memory performance. The results supported  our secondary hypothesis which claimed that participants were more able to remember shorter words than longer words. On the  contrary, our primary hypothesis was not supported. In conclusion, word length may have a positive impact on memory performance. Introduction It is common knowledge that we humans are more attracted to colorful objects like pictures or colored films than black and  white colors. It is also well known that young children, especially babies and toddlers are particularly attracted to shinny and striking  colors. Such instances may have piqued the curiosity of scholars in the old days to answer the question why people are more  attracted to colorful stimulus, sadly for the scholars the capacity to study this topic is not readily available until recent times. Since  ancient antiquity, colors on clothes not only made people look more distinct from one another, certain colors also inspire awe and  shows status and power. For example, in the east Chinese emperors have always wore gold color to signify their status as son of  heaven, while in the west Roman emperors and the aristocrats wear purple so show their status in society. In today’s society, an individual in the academic field is expected to be able to do many tasks, one of the most important skills in  our society is to be able to remember important things. For example, in college we constantly need to remember important terms  andwords, these information that we have learned is to be tested in quizzes and exams. College students that do not have good  attention focus and memory are looked down upon by their lecturers and peers because they mostly under perform in their academic  performance. Fortunately for this type of college students, as time progress more efficient methods of studying and memorizing is  being discovered or proposed. One of these methods is mind mapping, the method of mind mapping basically uses the right side  (color and creativity) together with the left side (words and logic) of the brain to increase memory performance (Astrid, n.d). As such, it can be seen that both color and words could be essential component in memory performance. Working together,  both aspects could be used to aid or test the performance of a students memory capability. Similar to mind maps, word length and  different kind of colors could affect the overall memory performance. Theoretical Framework The human mind has a very complicated way of processing and memorizing information. Among the many theories that  attempted to explain how memory works, Baddeleys working memory model seemed to provide one of the best explanations. This  model was created by Baddely and Hitch to improve upon the rather obsolete multi-store model, they argued that the multi-store  model was too simplified. Their working memory model seeks to explain that short term memory has components/subsystems that  actively manipulates information that it receives (Miyake Shah, 1999). The model has four important components which were the  Ã¢â‚¬Å"Central Executive†, â€Å"Visuo-Spatial Sketchpad†, â€Å"phonological loop† and â€Å"Episodic Buffer†. They further elaborated that working  memory was made up of the central executive which controls the operation of two subsystems: the phonological loop and the visuo-spatial sketch pad. The final component, episodic buffer was m eant to be a back up store that connects working memory with long  term memory (McLeod, 2008). The working memory model relates to color and word length due to the visuo-spatial sketchpad and the phonological loop. The  visuo-spatial sketchpad stores visual information such as word shapes and colors for a short period of time (Logie, 2002). Our  working memory was very focused on color because colored objects of an items leaves a deeper impression on our memory  (Cercone Learning, n.d). While, some people tend to recall words better when they pronounce it while memorizing, their ability to  recall is affected by the word length, which is stored in the phonological loop (Logie, 2002). Past Literature As time goes by more and more past research was made to address the issue of colored words and word length on memory  performance. Although most research only investigated on colored words and memory performance or word length on memory  performance, their contribution were highly regarded. One such study was made by Mustafar Dzulkifli (2013), their study was  focused on investigating the effect of ground color on memory performance. In their study, they invited 90 undergraduate students ,  age ranges from 19 to 22 to participate in the experiment. They conducted their experiment by using between group design, there  was three groups of participant that were given different treatments. The first group was given red colored background slides, while  the second group was given background slides with no color. The third group was be given background slides that have a  combination of color and no-color background to be shown alternately. Their research results found that most shape with colored  background will be recalled better than shape with non-color background. Another research was made by Campoy (2008) which was made to investigate the effect of word length in short-term memory.   The research invited 50 undergraduate university students. The research was conducted by using two participants in each session in  two different sound-attenuated booths. In the booths the computers shows a stimulus (five-word series study list) presented in block  letters at the rate 300 ms per word. After a delay 3,000 ms, the second sequence (test list) was shown in lower case at the same  speed. Lastly, a question mark was revealed and the participants will press key â€Å"1† or â€Å"2† when they decided the word orders in both  series were different or same. Results revealed that a list of short four-phoneme words were better remembered than a lists of long  six-phoneme words. Among the many past research, there was one research that stands out the most. Research done by Le Castillo (2009) was  meant to investigate on the effects of color and word length on verbal working memory. In this research, 61 business professionals  were invited to participate. The research was conducted by first requesting participants to memorize short words (12 seconds) and  long words (30 seconds), then participants were requested to recall short words within 24 seconds and long words within 60  seconds. Participants was then asked to do demographic questionnaires and include them together with their answer papers. The  results showed that five-syllable words were the most hard to remember, with memory performance difference much more obvious  between Caucasians and none-Caucasians. Description of Study In this study, we were much different compared to past studies because we focused on both length of words and color of words,  as stated in our ERB (refer to Appendix D) Compared to past research like the one done by Huchendorf who mainly focuses on the  effects of color on memory or the one done by Neath Naire that was focused on word length and short term memory, ours were  more complex and in-dept because we analyze both aspects. Among the many studies that was made, our experiment most  resembles the one by Le Castillo. In Le Castillo, one of the main aspects they investigated was the capacity of memory among  sixty one business professionals. Compared to their experiment, our experiment not only was focused on a different sample, which  isthe college student sample, we also have a larger amount of participants which provides us a greater variety of cultural  backgroundand memory capability. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of color and word length on memory performance. Our experiment was  conducted by separating all our participants into two equally large sized group, then the participants were directed to the short word  or long word experiment room to do the experiment. In the rooms the participants were given one minute to attempt to memorize as  many words as they can and then given another minute to recall and write down the words they can remember, participants were  thengiven one minute to cool down and rest before starting the next treatment. In our experiment, we outlined two hypothesis that  waswritten in our ERB. Based on past research by Huchendorf (2007), Le Castillo (2009) and Neath Naire (1995), we  hypothesized that warm colored words is easier to remember than cool colored words and shorter word length is easier to be  remembered than longer word length. Practical Implication of Study An implication of this study was that the finding could be used in class rooms to assist teachers and lecturers in guiding  students. Teachers can use this knowledge to teach students on doing mind maps and teach them to use highlighters to highlight  certain words, the highlighted words will increase the capability of a students memory. Methods Design The experiment was an experimental type research design that was meant to investigate the cause and effect of the  independent and dependent variable. The research have two independent variables and three levels. The independent variables  were words length (single syllable/three syllables) and color of the words (black), warm color (red) and the cool color (green). The  dependent variable was using memory performance of number of correct words recalled. Also, the research is a 32 mixed method  design, the reason the research was using mixed method was because the design contained elements from between and within  subject. Participants There was approximately seventy nine participants that came from different races, the participants were also recruited from the  many different courses of Disted college. Their age range was between 19 and 23 years old while their gender was both male and  female. The students participated the experiment due to their own willingness and initiative. Furthermore, experimenters had  requested permission from the DISTED Student council to obtain lecture schedules to see which class was available and  permissionfrom individual lecturers to recruit students. The participants was recruited through random sampling method ; the  experimenters had approached students around DISTED college cafeteria, library and pre-selected classes. Material The experiment had used two computers and two projectors to depict the different colored and worded experiment slides,  another material was the computer software Microsoft power point, specifically the slides was made using the software. The twenty  words from each of the color worded slides (refer to Appendix B) are retrieved from MRC Psycholinguistic Database, University of  Western Australia, School of Psychology. Other materials include SPSS program to calculate the results output (refer to Appendix  C)and smart phone built in stop watches that was used to time the experiment sessions (timing one minute for memorizing words or  one minute to recall the list of words). Procedure The study was conducted in two classrooms each equipped with a projector, the experiment was conducted across several  sessions with a random amount of participants in each session. The participants were first given a brief explanation about the nature  and purpose of the experiment and then the experimenters requested the participants to sign the consent form (refer to Appendix A). Next, each participant was randomly assigned by counting one and two, it is arranged like that so that both groups would be equal in  number .The first group was asked to remain in the current room, while the second group was brought to the other room by one of the  experimenters. Also, the first group was given a list of shorter words (one syllable) with three different colored treatments ; control  color (black) ,warm color (red) and cool color (green). Similar to the first group, the second group was given the same treatment,  except that the word length was longer (three syllables). The experiment was started when participants were given one minute to remember a list of black colored words from the  projected slides on screen and another 1 minute to write it down on the paper, after that the participants were given one minute to  cool down. Once the participants were ready for the next treatment, the participants was given one minute to remember a list of red  colored words and then another minute to write it down, then the participants were given another minute to cool down before the last  treatment. Finally, the participants was given other minute to remember a list of green colored words and one minute to write it down. Once all the words that can be recalled was written down, the experimenters collected the papers from the participants and the  participants were dismissed. Discussion As seen in the results section written above, our experiments outcome concluded that color of words generally do not affect  memory performance. However, our results also showed that disregarding the length of words, colored words have significant  relationship with memory performance. On the other hand, word length has a positively significant relationship with memory  performance. Among our two hypotheses, the word length and memory performance hypothesis was highly supported by our results. More specifically, our hypothesis that mentioned short words were more easily remembered than longer words. The results of our study was consistent and supported by past literature, research findings by Campoy (2008) and Le Castillo  (2009) were two such examples. Their research results had shown that people found it easier to remember words with less syllables  or phonemes. The consensus between the two past literature and our experiment was that, lesser amount of syllables allowed  working memory to process information faster and more efficiently. However, our experiment was not supported by Mustafar   Dzulkifli (2013). Their results did not coincide with our results on color, they found that shapes with colored background was recalled  better than shape with non-color background. A possible reason on why our results was not the same as some past research was  because, we focused our experiment on both color and word length, instead of just one of it. It should be acknowledged that there was one failed manipulations in our experiment, that particular failure was our colored  wordmanipulation, it is due to this reason that our first hypothesis failed. Also, there was a few confounding variables that might have  affected the experiment. One of the confounding variable was the experiments starting time, the experimenters had noted that there  were some inaccuracies on the timing of some experiment sessions. Another reason was due to the hour we conducted our  experiment. For example, we conducted our experiment on late afternoon, it could be that most participants were weary, fatigued  andfrustrated after a long day in class, such distractions would leave the participants less capable to focus on our experiment. The  third confounding variable was due to temperature, one of the rooms was rather cold while the other was rather warm, it should be  noted that the differences in room temperature could affect the performance of the participants. In order to solve these problems, the  experimenters had taken steps such as adjusting the airconditiong of both rooms to be the same and set timers to start the  experiments simultaneously. Throughout our experiment, we realized certain important things that would prove beneficial for future studies. Experiments  made in future could be improved upon by gathering a larger amount of participants from different age, race and background, doing  so would have given the future experimenters a better represented result based on a more diverse data. Future experiments could  also be improved by using culturally neutral words, the usage of such words would have allowed certain participants to perform better  without a cultural word barrier. Another suggestion was that future experiments could have done their experiments earlier, this is  suggested so that the participants would be able to do the experiment on their peaked performance. The implication of this study was that it would benefit any individual that is in the academic world or the business world. A  studentwould have found this experiment helpful because our results would have assisted them in their academic performance. Our  experiment results would have shown them that making short notes would have made them more efficient in their studies. Teachers  and lecturers could also use our experiment results to form a more effective study materials, study materials that are shorter and  simpler would be more effective for a students studies. Another benefit was that advertising corporations could have used our  experiment results to assist them in creating an attractive and memorable advertisement in the minds of consumers. As a final conclusion, this study was conducted to investigate the relationship between word length, word color and memory  performance. The findings showed that participants found it easier to remember words that are shorter and more warm colored or  longer words with cooler color. Further studies should be conducted with a larger sample population.

Sir Gawain and the Green Knight & color Essay -- essays research paper

Though often extensive detail may be condemned as mere flowery language, in understanding Sir Gawain and the Green Knight one must make special emphasis on it. In color and imagery itself, the unknown author paints the very fibers of this work, allowing Sir Gawain to discern the nuances of ritualistic chivalry and truth. His quest after the Green Knight is as simple as ones quest toward himself. Through acute awareness of the physical world he encounters Gawain comes to an understanding of the world beyond chivalry, a connection to G-d, the source of truth. He learns, chivalry, like a machine, will always function properly, but in order to derive meaning from its product he must allow nature to affect him. At the onset of Sir Gawain and the Green Night the unknown author goes to great length physically describing the opulence of Christmastime in Arthur's court. For Camelot even Christmastide, a deeply religious holiday, is given significance based on its futile aesthetic veneer rather than inherent religious value. The dais is â€Å"well –decked† (Sir Gawain and the Green Night, 75), and â€Å"costly silk curtains† (76) canopy over Queen Guinevere. The Knights are described as â€Å"brave by din by day, dancing by night† (47 ), this is to say they are the paradigm of bravery and gentility. Both bravery and gentility are not indicative of the knights’ humanity, his feelings and thoughts, rather how appears and acts. Dissimilar to King Arthur’s opulent and boyish description, the Green Knight appears earthly, like an overgrown lumberjack in a debutante ball. His very entrance to the narrative aims to shatter Camelot’s superficial relationship with earthly trials. While Arthur seeks pleasure in hearing tales â€Å"of some fair feat† (92), the Green Knight undermines all formality known to be chivalrous challenging the king to a life risking game. With a â€Å"broad neck to buttocks† (137), (opposed to Arthur’s’ court depicted in the ever regal color red,) the Knight is clothed in green, the color of nature. He appears with no armor other then his faith, merely a utilitarian woodsman’s ax. While Green Knight is described like an animal who is said to have â€Å"wagged his beard† (306) yet understands the cyclical nature of life and truth of mans futility, it is only after Sir Gawain proclaims his lack of strength (though he says it at that poi nt as a matter of chivalry) that he is able to ... ...Gawain’s time in the wilderness, living nature, and his acceptance of the lady’s offering of the green girdle teach him that though he may be the most chivalrous knight in the land, he is nevertheless human and capable of error. Through jest of a game the Green knight enlightens Gawain the short sights of chivalry. He comes to realize within himself that the system which bore him values appearance over truth. Ultimately he understands that chivalry provides a valuable set of ideals toward which to strive, but a person must retain consciousness of his or her own mortality and weakness in order to live deeply. While it is chivalrous notions, which kept him, alive throughout the test of the Green Knight, only through acute awareness of the physical world surrounding him was he able to develop himself and understand the Knights message. From the onset of Sir Gawain and the Green Knight the author relies intensely upon descriptive language to create ambiance and tonality, but it is only later in the work, upon Sir Gawain’s development, that like Gawain, the reader is able to derive meaning from the descriptive physicality and understand the symbiotic relationship of nature and society.

Factors, Symptoms and Treatment of Alzheimers Disease Essay -- Alzhei

Alzheimer Disease 1 Alzheimer Disease Introduction This research paper will examine factors, signs of symptoms, treatment, when to visit a doctor and how to care for a love one with Alzheimer disease. In the early stages of the disease, scientists have estimated that 500,000 people in their 30’s, 40’s and 50’s that have Alzheimer disease or a related dementia. Younger individuals may have problems with memory, thinking and concentration. The form of dementia is a term for the loss of memory and other intellectual abilities that interferes with their daily life. There’s serve types of dementia such as vascular dementia, mixed dementia, dementia with Lewy bodies, and frontotemporal dementia. Those individuals with a parent, brother, sister or a child with Alzheimer’s are most likely to develop the illness. A great risk increases if more than one family member has the disease. Alzheimer disease is a brain disorder that will get worse over time, and it is fatal. It destroys memory, thinking and behavior that will affect their work, and hobbies or social life. The brain has 100 billion cells (neurons). Each nerve cell communicates with many others to form networks. Nerve cells networks have special jobs. Some are involved in thinking, learning and remembering, help us to see, hear, smell and others to tell our muscles when to move. Individuals who stay socially engaged in activities that stimulate the mind and body can reduce the risk of Alzheimer’s disease or other dementia. As people get older, our brain ma... ... Changing the person’s environment to Alzheimer Disease 4 understand the cause, resolve challenges, obstacles to comfort and security. Everyone who develops behavioral symptoms should receive a thorough medical exam, especially if symptoms appear suddenly. An exam may reveal treatable conditions that are contributing to the behavior. The treatable drug can cause side effects to many people with Alzheimer’s who is taking the prescription medications for other health problems. The drug for Alzheimer’s can cause side effect or interaction between drugs that can sometimes affect the behavior. As the disease gets worse, those with Alzheimer’s have difficulty communicating about their experience.

Chem 1331 Midterm 2

1. | | | What is the pressure, in atm, of a tank of gas with a regulator that reads 1250mmHg? | | | Student Response| Correct Answer| A. | 1. 64|    | B. | 490|    | C. | 1. 79|    | D. | 0. 608|    | E. | 1. 25|    | | Score:| 0/1 | | | 2. | | | A 147. 9-L sample of dry air is cooled from 88. 0 °C to 22. 1 °C while the pressure is maintained at 2. 85 atm. What is the final volume in L? (Do not type the units. ) | | | Student Response| Correct Answer| Answer:| not answered  Ã‚  | 120. 9| | Score:| 0/1 | | | 3. | | | 1000 L of gas is prepared in a tank at 700 mm Hg and 2000 oC. The gas is then transferred to a 40. L tank at 200o C. The pressure inside the new tank is | | | Student Response| Correct Answer| A. | 14 mm Hg|    | B. | 70 mm Hg|    | C. | 280 mm Hg|    | D. | 1. 75 x 10 3 mm Hg|    | E. | 3. 64 x 103 mm Hg|    | | Score:| 0/1 | | | 4. | | | The density of an unknown element in the gaseous state is 1. 60 g at 300 K and 1 atm. Which of the following could be the element? | | | Student Response| Correct Answer| A. | He|    | B. | Ne|    | C. | Ar|    | D. | |    | E. | |    | | Score:| 0/1 | | | 5. | | | What is the pressure exerted by a mixture of 0. 250 moles of and 0. 400 moles of He at 27. 0C in a 3. 00 L container? | | Student Response| Correct Answer| A. | 16. 0 atm|    | B. | 5. 33 atm|    | C. | 3. 28 atm|    | D. | 2. 05 atm|    | E. | 1. 23 atm|    | | Score:| 0/1 | | | 6. | | | At 25 °C, an unknown gas, Q, diffuses at a RATE 1. 65 times faster than that of propane, C3H8. Which of these gases is most likely to be Q? | | | Student Response| Correct Answer| A. | O2|    | B. | He|    | C. | Ne|    | D. | H2O|    | E. | CH4|    | | Score:| 0/1 | | | 7. | | | In the reaction below, what volume of PCl5 (g) will be produced by the reaction of 69. 7 L of chlorine gas with excess phosphorus (P4 if all gas volumes are measured at STP?P4 (g) Cl2 => PCl5 (unbalanced) Do not enter units with your an swer. | | | Student Response| Correct Answer| Answer:| not answered  Ã‚  | 27. 9| | Score:| 0/1 | | | 8. | | | Consider three 5-L flasks, fitted with pressure gauges and small valves, each contain a gas at 273 K. Flask A contains 4. 0 g of H2, flask B contains 4. 0 g of He, and flask C contains 8. 0 g of CH4. Compare the flasks contents in terms of the characteristics listed. total kinetic energy of the molecules. | | | Student Response| Correct Answer| A. | Flask A > Flask B > Flask C|    | B. | Flask A < Flask B < Flask C|    | C. | Flask A = Flask B = Flask C|    |D. | Flask A > Flask C > Flask B|    | E. | Flask C > Flask B > Flask A|    | | Score:| 0/1 | | | 9. | | | What is the change in internal energy (in J) of a system that absorbs 4. 07 kJ of heat from its surroundings and has 0. 66 kcal of work done on it? 1 kcal = 4. 184 kJ Express your answer in scientific format with three significant figures: 1. 25 x 103 = 1. 25E3 Do not type units. | | | Student Response| Correct Answer| Answer:| not answered  Ã‚  | 6. 83E3 (6. 83 ? 103)| | Score:| 0/1 | | | 10. | | | If addition of 25. 132 kJ of heat to a 0. 308 kg sample of an alcohol raises its temperature from 20. 0 °C to 46. 15 °C, what is the specific heat capacity of the alcohol in J/g. K? Do not enter units with your answer. | | | Student Response| Correct Answer| Answer:| not answered  Ã‚  | 3. 12| | Score:| 0/1 | | | 11. | | | Given the following equations: Determine the enthalpy change (H) for the following reaction: | | | Student Response| Correct Answer| A. | 844. 3 kJ/mol|    | B. | 483. 3 kJ/mol|    | C. | -241. 7 kJ/mol|    | D. | -483. 3 kJ/mol|    | E. | -844. 3 kJ/mol|    | | Score:| 0/1 | | | 12. | | | High-purity benzoic acid (C6H5COOH; ? Hcomb = –3227 kJ/mol) is a combustion standard for calibrating bomb calorimeters.A 1. 113 g sample burns in a calorimeter (heat capacity of calorimeter alone = 1365 J/ °C) that contains exactly 1. 200 kg of water. Wha t temperature change will be observed? | | | Student Response| Correct Answer| Answer:| not answered  Ã‚  | 4. 60| | Score:| 0/1 | | | 13. | | | Using information from the text Appendix, calculate ? H for the reaction. 2C2H6(g) + 7O2(g) => 4CO2(g) + 6H2O(g) | | | Student Response| Correct Answer| A. | 2855. 4 kJ|    | B. | –2855. 4 kJ|    | C. | 551 kJ|    | D. | –551 kJ|    | E. | None of these is within 5% of the correct answer|    | | Score:| 0/1 | | | 14. | | What mass of (g) must be burned to release 334 kJ of heat to the surroundings? | | | Student Response| Correct Answer| A. | 0. 426 g|    | B. | 6. 00 g|    | C. | 0. 375 g|    | D. | 2. 66 g|    | E. | 55. 6 g|    | | Score:| 0/1 | | | 15. | | | An AM radio station broadcasts at about 1,031 on the radio dial. Units for AM frequencies are given in kilohertz (kHz). What is the wavelength of these radio transmissions in meters (m)? Type only the number. | | | Student Response| Correct Answer | Answer:| not answered  Ã‚  | 291| | Score:| 0/1 | | | 16. | | | A microwave photon has a frequency of 4,561 MHz.What is its energy in joules? Enter your answer in the form 1. 02E12 for 1. 02 x 1012 with three significant figures. Do not enter units with your answer. | | | Student Response| Correct Answer| Answer:| not answered  Ã‚  | 3. 02E-24 (3. 02 ? 10-24)| | Score:| 0/1 | | | 17. | | | What is the frequency (Hz) of a photon emitted by a hydrogen atom when its electron falls from n = 5 to 1? Enter your answer using exponential notation (1. 23 x 104 = 1. 23E4) with three significant figures and do not include units. | | | Student Response| Correct Answer| Answer:| not answered  Ã‚  | 3. 16E15 (3. 16 ? 1015)| | Score:| 0/1 | | | 18. | | Which is not a possible ml value for an orbital that has the following: n = 2 | | | Student Response| Correct Answer| A. | +2|    | B. | –1|    | C. | +1|    | | Score:| 0/1 | | | 19. | | | Give the number of orbitals an atom ca n have with the following designation: 3p | | | Student Response| Correct Answer| A. | 6|    | B. | 2|    | C. | 3|    | D. | 4|    | E. | an infinite number|    | | Score:| 0/1 | | | 20. | | | Which subatomic particle was found to be present in cathode rays? Type its name only in the box. | | | Student Response| Correct Answer| 1. | not answered  | Equals electron (100%) Equals electrons (100%)| | Score:| 0/1 | | |

The Tudors

THE TUDORS: The birth of the nation state. The new monarchy Henry VII is less known than Henry VIII or Elizabeth I but he was more important in establishing the new monarchy. Henry VII firmly believed that war and glory were bad business, and that business was good for the state. Henry had more power and more money than earlier kings. His aim was to make the crown financially independent. When he died in 1509 he left a huge amount of money. The only thing on which he was happy to spend money was the building of ships. Henry VIII was quite unlike his father. He was cruel, wasteful with money, and interested in pleasing himself. The reformationHenry VIII was always looking for new sources of money. He disliked the power of Church in England because, since it was an international organization, he could not completely control it. In 1531 Henry persuaded the bishops to make him head of the Church in England, and this became law after Parliament passed the Act of Supremacy in 1534. The bre ak with Rome was purely political. He wanted to control the Church and keep its wealth in his own. He used the Parliament to make the break legal. Through several Acts of Parliament between 1532 and 1536, England became politically a Protestant country, even though the popular religion was Catholic.After the acceptance of the Reformation Henry closed monasteries and other religious houses. Monks and nuns were thrown out. The dissolution of the monasteries was probably the greatest act of official destruction in the history of Britain. Elizabeth I Elizabeth I became queen when Mary died in 1558. She wanted to find peaceful answers to the problems of English Reformation. She wanted to bring together again parts of English society which were in religious disagreement. And she wanted to make England prosperous. She considered trade the most important foreign policy matter, and also encouraged merchant expansion.She recognized Spain as her main trade, rival and enemy. Mary, the â€Å"Qu een of Scots†, was the heir to the English throne, she was a strong Catholic. When she returned to Scotland, soon made enemies, because she got tired of her husband and she agreed to murder him and married the murdered so she was unpopular among people and finally she escaped to England. Elizabeth kept Mary as a prisoner for almost 20 years. In 1587 she finally agreed to Mary’s execution. England and her neighbours During the Tudor period, from 1485 until 1603, English foreign policy changed several times. Mary queen of Scot and the Scottish reformationMary was troubled by bad luck and wrong decisions. She was Catholic, she returned to Scotland as both queen and widow. During her time in France, Scotland had become officially and popularly Protestant. The Scots were careful not to give the monarch authority over the new Protestant Scottish â€Å"kirk†, as the church in Scotland was called. This was possible because the new Reformation took place while the queen, Mary, was not in Scotland. The Kirk taught the importance of personal belief and the study of the Bible, this led to the idea that education was important for everyone in Scotland.Protestantism had spread quickly through the Scottish universities. The new Kirk disliked Mary and her French Catholicism. Then Mary was married again, to Lord Darnley, later she got tired of him, consequently she agreed to murder her husband and married the murderer, Bothwel. Scottish society was shocked. In addition to her Catholicism and her French culture, she had shown very poor judgment. She destroyed her chance of inheriting the English throne. She found herself at war with her opponents, and was captured and imprisoned. She escaped to England, where she was held by Elizabeth and after nineteen years she was executed.Refer to society during Tudor times. †¢ Tudor parliaments. The Tudor monarchs did not like governing through Parliament. Henry VII had used Parliament only for law making. Until th e end of the Tudor period Parliament was supposed to do three things: agree to the taxes needed; make the laws which the Crown suggested; and advise the crown, only when asked to do so. †¢ Rich and poor in town and country. During this period the population increased, England had social and economic problems than ever before. The price of food and other goods rose. But a greater problem was the increase in population.Living conditions got worse. Many landowners made money from sheep farming; they could sell the wool to the cloth industry. Many people became unemployed. In 1601 Parliament passed the First Poor Law. This made local people responsible for the poor in their own area. The lives of the rich and poor were different. The rich ate good quality bread while the poor ate rough bread. The rich showed off their wealth in silk clothing, while the poor wore simple clothes of leather or wool. †¢ Domestic life. Women in England had a greater freedom than anywhere else in Eu rope.However, there was a dark side of married life. Most women bore between eight and fifteen children. Marriage was often an economic arrangement, there weren’t deep emotional ties. Both rich and poor lived in small family groups. People worked hard and died young. Poor children started work at the age of six or seven. Unmarried women suffered badly during this period, after the dissolution of the monasteries they became beggars on the roads of England. They had little choice in life. †¢ Language and culture. At the beginning of the Tudor period English was spoken in different ways.Since the mid-fourteenth century, London English had become accepted as Standard English. Educated people began to speak â€Å"correct† English, and uneducated people continued to speak the local dialect. Literacy increased greatly during the mid-sixteenth century. England felt the effects of the Renaissance, it also influence religion, encouraging the Protestant Reformation. In music England enjoyed its most fruitful period ever. Literature was England’s greatest art form; William Shakespeare filled the theatres with their exciting new plays.

FINLAND ENERGY POLICY Term Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

FINLAND ENERGY POLICY - Term Paper Example The ministry has been capable of establishing and exceptional versatile and decentralized energy system; they are based on both small and large energy production plants and a variety of energy sources. Finland itself has been capable of developing a strong energy technology or the energy cluster and it has grown in importance. The country has been in the forefront in the decreasing unnecessary regulation and therefore it has created preconditions for the greater efficacy and internationalization among the Finland’s energy companies (Ministry of Employment and the Economy, 2011). The Finland energy policy is based on three fundamentals: environment, economy and energy. The core elements of the policy are to secure the energy supply, develop competitive prices, and to meet the European Union common Energy and Climate goals. Another important principle is the integration of the environmental goals, other types of sustainable developments with the economy of energy. It is imperative to note that at each stage of the programme, the prospective price, the availability of the imported energy, and the larger frequency in which the decisions are made at the international level affect the energy policy (Ministry of Employment and the Economy, 2011). The energy policy of Finland is implemented in regard to the drawn-up energy policy documents like the objectives that have been set in the governmental negotiations and the Government’s Energy Policy Programme. There are factors that underpin the realization of the Finland energy policy and they are special programmes such as the National Climate and Energy Strategy and the international commitments. The energy policy was adopted in 2008 and it is determined by the National Climate and Energy Strategy and its additional programmes. The drafting of the Climate and Energy Strategy was done in consideration of the principles that underlie the energy

Dinosaur ridge Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Dinosaur ridge - Assignment Example September 2014 there was a trip to Dinosaur ridge in Denver, which was mainly for hands-on activities that included fossil sifting, gold panning, metal detecting, and dinosaur track painting. At the site there were visitor experts and FODR geologists who took their time in explaining about faulting, volcanic eruptions, volcanic ash, and earthquakes. There were also a lot of other participants like the Denver Fire-fighters Museum and West Metro who came to explain all about these geological phenomenon. As it was explained, every geohazard is different from each other and the difference is based on a number of factors such as the geological composition of the land where it happened. The geological composition may vary in terms of the types of rocks found there or the tectonic activity. For instance, a big earthquake on a barren land would be less problematic than a small earthquake in the middle of a city. Such a small earthquake will cause damages to structures while the one in the desert will hardly cause any damage. Some of the results of geohazard activities at the site were the volcanic ash bends. Such bends were deposited during a volcanic eruption that happened in the present day Colorado. In order to determine the occurrence, crystals of mineral zircon found in the volcanic ash were used to date the rocks. The results showed that the ash was 105.6 million years old, revealing that it must have happened a long time ago. Scientists use radiometric and other dating techniques to measure the age of these geohazards. Therefore, using different rocks obtained from different sites of geohazard locations, scientists are able to date the time that these hazards took place. Other types of geohazards that have been recorded in history include Karst Hazards. These include the different types of sinkholes that occur on the earth’s surface. The sinkholes are of various size and depths. They cause direct risks to infrastructure like buildings if they happen in urban